Last weekend included the first three-day weekend for a new Federal holiday, although in Milwaukee the June celebration of Emancipation has long been a thing. Unfortunately, people's understanding of history is still ...
incomplete. "June 19, 1865 was the day that Union soldiers arrived in Galveston, Texas, to order freedom for the enslaved Black people in the state. It was two months after the Confederacy had surrendered in the Civil War and about 2 1/2 years after the Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery in the Southern states." That "Southern states" is incomplete in a variety of ways, and I wonder if the cavalry was in Texas to free slaves, or whether that was incidental to showing the flag along the southern border, where the House of Hapsburg was up to some power plays in Mexico. But local radio stations included interviews with people expressing a little dismay that the freedom was ... so long in coming.
There are no Acelas nosing into Park Square Station, either, but the rot has been a long time in coming. It takes a variety of forms, as Milwaukee
Journal-Sentinel columnist James Causey noted. "Juneteenth is not properly taught in school because that would require people to be honest about the past. My grandparents wanted me to know about Juneteenth because African Americans played a central role in ending slavery."
Yes, and Emancipation was
more complicated than stroke of the pen, law of the land.
That is, what do the Articles of War have to say about contraband property, including slaves compelled to dig fortifications for rebellious commanders? And what rights do slaveowners have to seek redress under the Fugitive Slave Law to request the return of their property, when said property took advantage of the presence of Federal troops to run away. (Yes, that happened. New example of chutzpah: renounce allegiance to the United States, then call on its government to enforce its own laws.) Thus depriving slaveholders of their property as a way of reducing their ability to wage war is consistent with existing rules of war calling for the confiscation of contraband property, and depriving slaveholders of their redress under the Fugitive Slave Law is most easily accomplished by preemptively abridging those property rights.
Texas, and Texan planters, were not much affected by the war, although once the Mississippi flowed unvexed to the sea, their opportunities to trade were constricted. The
summary history, though, ought not be too complicated. "It ought not be that difficult to get the chronology straight: first there was Independence, then a series of compromises, including between feudal slave-holding and commercial abolition-minded states established the constitutional republic, then it took a 'great civil war' to secure that new birth of freedom." Whether that's a point on which neoclassical economists and Marxians might agree is
left as an exercise.
In reality, the defeat of the wealthiest and most powerful slaveholding class on the planet was inconceivable without the victory of Lincoln at the head of a political party that called for the destruction of human bondage. Lincoln’s victory, and the threat it posed to slavery, was indeed the reason why the southern states seceded, as was spelled out in their secession resolutions and the Confederate constitution. Even more crucially, the victory of the Union would have been inconceivable without mass support in the North, the endurance of the Union army, the resistance of slaves in the South, and even the opposition of slaveless whites to secession, as historian Victoria Bynum and others have shown. And it was Lincoln’s Proclamation, as Marx explained at the time, that gave the conflict a definite social revolutionary character.
The
holiday itself is symbolic.
The reality is that holidays don't so much commemorate accurate understandings of our nation's past, as much as they celebrate broadly held ideals and aspirations. As a national holiday, Juneteenth commemorates many laudable ideals—most notably the promise of racial equality. And while lingering racial disparities in income, wealth, healthcare, education, and mass incarceration make plain we have yet to achieve this goal, Juneteenth reminds us of both the progress black Americans have made since the Civil War and the work we, as a nation, have yet to complete.
It is altogether fitting and proper, though, that if July 4 is about the new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal, June 19 might continue the proposition, with the nation having
a new birth of freedom. "America is a promise, one that has yet to be met. As July 4 commemorates the initiation of that promise, Juneteenth commemorates the work yet to be done, reminding us all that there are still miles to go before we sleep."