RAILS TO TRAILS TO RAILS.

Work continues on the extension of South Shore Line interurban service to Munster, Indiana.  The art of issuing transfers is not yet lost.

Five trains destined for Chicago will head north, and one will come south from the city, during morning rush hour, and the same number will run in the opposite directions during evening rush hour. Twelve more trains will shuttle passengers between Munster and Hammond during non-peak hours, and 20 trains will make the Munster-Hammond run on Saturdays and Sundays.

Read on, though, and call the roll of fallen flag railroads, now available to exercise enthusiasts.

West Lake Corridor's use of the old Monon Railroad right-of-way has implications for the Monon hike and bike trail and, to a lesser degree, the Erie Lackawanna trail, requiring moving portions of them and relocating the Monon trail bridge over the Little Calumet River.

The preferred route would overlay about 5,000 feet of the existing Monon trail between Fisher Street in Munster and Douglas Street in Hammond, and about 320 feet of the Erie Lackawanna trail near downtown Hammond, according to the [environmental impact statement].

Crossing the railroad to get to or from the trail would be limited to at-grade street crossings, according to the [statement].

The railroad would cross the Pennsy Greenway trail at the Maynard Junction flyover in Munster, which begins north of Superior Avenue and continues to Fisher Street. A culvert or similar structure would provide clearance for the trail under the rail flyover.

In railroad terms, the Monon for Indianapolis and Louisville and the Erie-Lackawanna for Hoboken divide near the State Line interlocking, which will be just west of the new Hammond Gateway station (and South Shore recently improved passenger facilities at the existing Hammond station) whilst the Pennsy Greenway trail is the old Panhandle for Pittsburgh via Richmond, Indiana.

Electric cars may be running on the Munster line by 2020.

COMMODIFICATION IS A PREREQUISITE FOR PRICE DISCOVERY.

It's the policy wonk attitude that health services, whether delivered by people or packaged in a pill, ought not be viewed as a commodity that gets in the way of bending the cost curve, or any other goals of the misnamed and perhaps to be replaced "Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act."  National Review's Ben Shapiro, after a shorter version of "You looted its effects and blanked out its cause," lays out the case for more price discovery in medicine.

[M]edical care is a commodity, and treating it otherwise is foolhardy. To make a commodity cheaper and better, two elements are necessary: profit incentive and freedom of labor. The government destroys both of these elements in the health-care industry. It decides medical reimbursement rates for millions of Americans, particularly poor Americans; this, in turn, creates an incentive for doctors not to take government-sponsored health insurance. It regulates how doctors deal with patients, the sorts of training doctors must undergo, and the sorts of insurance they must maintain; all of this convinces fewer Americans to become doctors. Undersupply of doctors generally and of doctors who will accept insurance specifically, along with overdemand stimulated by government-driven health-insurance coverage, leads to mass shortages. The result is an overreliance on emergency care, costs for which are distributed among government, hospitals, and insurance payers.

Yeah, that partial monopsony works so well for Medicare and Medicaid, and the full monopsony works so well in South Africa and Venezuela.

But with repeal and replace possibly in the works in Congress, it's time to eliminate the third-party middlemen, as Pajamas Media's Tony Corvo explains.

The single thread that connects the examples above, and there are hundreds of more examples out there, is the elimination of a third-party payer. This is at the heart of how the free market works, in that, the two parties actually invested in the transaction of goods or services and determine the prices. That’s why a can of corn costs less than a dollar and LASIK is affordable to nearly all who might want it.

We could toss the corn and ethanol subsidies at the same time, but I digress. Why, though, dear reader, ought the advocates of single payer or continuance of the existing bureaucratic nightmare be exempt from having to explain why many cosmetic procedures, including nearsightedness correction, not to mention pills the greatest hazard to use appearing to be a four-hour stiffie, go down in price whilst medicines and procedures covered by the health care regulations, do not.

National Review's James C. Capretta suggests ways to introduce the price discovery into medicine.

1. Grandfather existing coverage under Medicaid, under the assumption that people will earn their way off public assistance in time.
2. Reform Medicaid as the safety-net insurer.
3. Retain tax credits for households that buy insurance, rather than have it bundled with employment.
4. Modify the tax preference for employer-paid insurance plans.
5. More flexible health savings accounts.
6. Automatic enrollment in employer-paid insurance plans.

Read the essay for the details.

I'd like to see more discussion of interstate sales of insurance, particularly of catastrophic care coverage, and greater commercial freedom in the provision of treatments for annoying but not catastrophic conditions.

FORMERLY UNAVAILABLE AT ANY PRICE.

Don Boudreaux reflects on the first generation of talking computers and other modern marvels.

Google Home is no mere toy. It's got an amazingly high-quality speaker, making Google Home also a great music system. But even if you insist on regarding Google Home — or its competitor, Amazon's Echo — as little more than an elaborate knickknack, the very fact that our economy makes such knickknacks available at affordable prices testifies to our economy's astonishing wealth. Only an extraordinarily wealthy society can afford to devote significant amounts of resources and human creativity to the development and production for mass distribution of elaborate knickknacks.

Yet ironically, Americans' immense prosperity in 2017 is revealed most vividly in riches that are difficult to see if you aren't looking for them. Most of what makes Americans today materially far richer than Americans of 1987 are things that are so familiar now that we take them for granted. Consider just some of the goods and services that were unavailable to ordinary Americans 30 years ago: individual-serve coffee-makers (“Keurigs”), high-definition televisions, downloadable and streaming music, movies and TV shows, Lasik surgery, Viagra, smartphones, GPS navigation, laptop computers, the Internet.

Each of these items was attention-grabbing when first introduced. But they all became so widespread so quickly that they are today part of our landscape.

Even more hidden from view are smaller innovations that were either nonexistent or very rare 30 years ago. One of my favorites is plastic garbage bags, each with its own internal drawstring.

An even better relatively small innovation involved beer. Most beer in 1987 was mass-produced stuff that, brewed with a taste to be drinkable by nearly everyone, had a taste that was distinctive and interesting to no one. Today, of course, store shelves bend under the weight of a seemingly infinite variety of delicious craft-brewed beers and ales.

So grab your favorite brew and raise a glass to the human ingenuity and free markets that continue to increase our prosperity.

In Bier ist auch etwas.  In this instance, the case of beer is a wagon-load of tradeoffs.  The mass-produced stuff was also a paradigm of the false economies of productivity, and the light stuff, well, that might have started as a way of getting in on the fitness enthusiasm that accompanied a shift to desk work rather than tasks involving heavy lifting, and then it became a way of selling colored water in blue cans to dumb guys.  And, no doubt, the behavioral economists and the sort of conscience-cowboys who get upset about too many choices of deodorant will likely object to all those varieties of beer, particularly when so many taverns curate the offerings as Bud Light, Coors Light, Miller Lite, and the local headache in a glass.

As far as the coffee is concerned, I'll still use an old-school stovetop percolator.

But when it comes to consumer electronics, shall we sing the praises of digital command control on model railroads?  No more selecting cabs, no more running into a different train's block.  On the other hand, the possibility of collision is enhanced, and sometimes the time-sharing of command requests produces interesting outcomes.  And the new-style batteries for all those portable devices make the possibility of radio-controlled battery-powered trains real.

MAKING THE MAIN TRAIN GREAT AGAIN.

Cold War II is on, and tanks are moving by rail, this time across Germany to Poland.

Bremerhaven, 2015.  DPA photo retrieved from The Local Germany.

How things have changed.  The troops and their armour have linked up.  "U.S. soldiers also arrived in Wrocław, a city in southwest Poland in which a key NATO and Polish airbase is located."  That used to be Breslau, back when the MAIN Train (for Military Authorization Identification Number) looked like this.

New York Central Headlight photograph retrieved from Kingly Heirs troop train web page.

In the current mobilization, the U.S. tankers will be practicing in Poland, and elsewhere along what we used to understand as the Russian Front.

The troops will rotate training in Bulgaria, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Slovakia for the next nine months. The regional training exercises are also designed to test how U.S. forces respond on short notice to a possible conflict with Russia.

"This is a tangible sign of the United States' commitment to maintaining peace on this continent," Maj. Gen. Timothy McGuire, deputy commanding general of the U.S. Army Europe, said in a statement. "It is a sign of the U.S. commitment to this alliance and to peace and prosperity in Europe."

The Russians are likely to see these exercises, taking place in five of the former fraternal socialist countries and three former Soviet Socialist Republics, somewhat differently.  (Makes me wonder who is interested in portraying incoming U.S. president Donald Trump as a Russian stooge of some kind, but that's well outside my area of expertise, and above my pay grade -- what is the pay grade for emeritus faculty?)

But the deployment of forces isn't the same as it was three score and thirteen years ago.

A Bundeswehr (German army) spokesperson told the Märkische Oderzeitung that trains with a total length of 14 kilometres will be needed to transport all the tanks.

“From January 7th until January 14th, three trains will transport the military equipment every day,” he said.

According to the Bundeswehr, most of the tanks will be transported by train. But military convoys will pass through Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Brandenburg

Fourteen kilometers, 140 football fields, six flat cars to a field, 840 flat cars. Back in the day, that would be an afternoon at North Platte.  Three trains a day, doesn't begin to account for the train sheet on Horse Shoe Curve.  And the movements went on like that for the duration.

ECONOMICS, THE DISMAL SCIENCE.

Brookings's Clifford Winston argues that there's more to infrastructure than throwing money at hero projects.

“Trying to spend our way out of infrastructure troubles is misguided,” Winston argues. “We need to make more efficient use of the infrastructure we have now, and then think carefully about additional spending using cost-benefit analysis.”

Before Winston will even talk about spending more on roads, for example, he wants to talk about who is using them and when. And he’s passionate about changing prices to reduce congestion and better pay for wear and tear.

Trucks, he says, should pay a per axleweight tax to encourage more axles and thereby greatly reduce wear. Congestion pricing should be used to encourage better traffic flow, starting with HOT lanes that combine car pools and tolls into one lane. HOT lanes use scanning technology so drivers never need to slow down, and prices rise and fall based on congestion.

Winston also argues that roads should be built from more durable materials that require more upfront investment in the long run, and new roads need to be built with autonomous vehicles in mind.

Autonomous vehicles, he argues, will expand the highway capacity — cars can get closer together, traffic flow will improve, and they won’t rubberneck at accidents. (Ironically, autonomous vehicles also threaten whole sectors of employment, from trucking and delivery to taxis.)

“The engineering mentality of just spending more money is not sustainable or efficient,” Winston said.

Winston also favors privatization where possible, and he hopes that private sector technologies will push government infrastructure to make needed changes.

“Pigs are going to fly before these guys do this,” Winston said. “This is stuff we’ve been talking about forever. They’re just not going to do it. Status quo bias is just very powerful.”

To be clear, Winston is not saying that major infrastructure spending is not in order. He is simply arguing that any money spent should be part of a comprehensive plan, not political expedience.

In addition to not spending money without a plan, a core argument of economists like Winston is that infrastructure will be best maintained and improved when it internalizes the cost of use. That is, users should be paying now for their share of both congestion and wear and tear, with user fees directed to replacements and upgrades.

Count among the status quo bias the resistance in states that don't yet have turnpikes to implementing tolling.  Now, if the freight railroads and the Higher Speed Trains people can get their act together, perhaps we'll have more intermodal corridors to get the trailers, no matter how many axles, off the roads.

A FISKING.

Our President gave his farewell address in Chicago yesterday.  (The Detroit Red Wings made their one appearance in Chicago as well, that's what I listened to.)

American Thinker's Ed Straker suggests some of Mr Obama's juxtapositions are, well, strange.

The commentariat have been working on their valedictories.  Perhaps a summary in the next week.

GET THE SOCIALIZATION RIGHT.

Glenn "Insta Pundit" Reynolds may be making a case for school choice, but he's really making a case for bourgeois conventions.

The other day I noticed a series of tweets from photographer Chris Arnade, who specializes in portraits of the parts of America that aren’t doing well. Arnade stressed that the big source of inequality in America is cultural, rather than economic. The values that are extolled by what he calls the “front row kids” who run things (Joel Kotkin calls them the “gentry liberals) are those associated with fancy education, and it’s hard to get ahead without knowing them.

Hang on, wherever there are rows, there are front rows and back rows, including in Winnetka or Naperville or Chappaqua or Fox Point. There's something else at work.

You’re not going to acquire that polish in the public schools if you’re poor. Public schools are sold as promoting equality, but in practice they’re more likely to reinforce inequality.  People with money move to “good” neighborhoods, and they do it “for the schools.” People without money generally live in “bad” neighborhoods, where the schools aren’t very good and probably won’t teach their kids what they need to know to get ahead.

But the people without much money who get the value of bourgeois convention do what they can to give their kids the chance to interact with others similarly inclined.

Even without vouchers, many public school systems are in trouble because parents see that they are inferior, and scrimp, save, and maneuver to get their kids into better places. Since the kids whose parents care that much about their education tend to be the better students, their departure makes the public schools noticeably worse, leading to further departures. As I noted in my book, The New School, in a number of cities this has led to school closings and teacher layoffs, as failing public schools can’t retain enough students to stay in business. As black Atlanta educator Nikita Bush says, “people are starting to realize that public education in America was designed for the masses of poor, and its intent has been to trap poor people into being workers and servants. If you don’t want that for your children, then you look for something else.”

I suspect that the government schools aren't even doing that sort of workforce preparation well, which is why my formulation is "rendered unemployable by government schools and the minimum wage."

THE SOURCE OF THE PINK LADY.

For years, the observant ferroequinologist could identify Chicago and North Western tracks by the pink quartzite ballast that was quarried near North Freedom, Wisconsin.

There's a bit of Pink Lady mixed in here, the front yard of the Mid-Continent Railway Museum at North Freedom.

With the Union Pacific takeover, the remaining tracks are being reballasted, maintenance requirements permitting, with Union Pacific standard ballast.  The quarry is in a geologically significant area that is now a state natural area.

The trail starts on the west side of Highway 136, just north of Rock Springs. There's a small parking area on the east side of the highway next to an artesian well that local residents still use.

To join up with the trail, cross the road and skirt the gate. Follow the trail spur to the left to travel up to the base of the cliff. Look for the remnants of an old quarry blast shelter before following the trail back to the main trail, which continues along the cliff face past another small blast shelter and ends back at the highway across from another small wayside.

The wayside marks Van Hise Rock, a rock monolith that was designated a National Historical Landmark in 1997. The quartzite outcrop is a perfect, compact model of the geological forces that were at work in the area, and is named for former University of Wisconsin professor and president Charles Van Hise, who used it to prove his theories of structural and metamorphic geology. Those concepts would become the principles of structural geology.

The trails are unimproved, without railings in places that are slippery when wet. Better to do your exploring in the summer, but be alert for rattlesnakes.

GETTING BEYOND YALE AND OBERLIN.

Wisconsin professor of public affairs Donald P. Moynihan responds, possibly to the criticism a Whiteness Studies course being offered for his campus has been getting from the legislature, with a suggestion that participants in the Curriculum Wars, whatever their arguing stance, pay attention to what's going on in the community colleges, the regional comprehensives, the mid-majors and the land-grants.

If you truly believe that a university should be a place where people are empowered to pursue a fearless sifting and winnowing of ideas and evidence that benefit us all, I have a simple request: Look at the bigger picture beyond a few elite private institutions. For those of us who teach where most American students are educated, actual triggers are a more relevant danger than trigger warnings. Safe spaces are less threatening than shutting down teaching and research spaces.

That's a little bit of the standard academic posturing: the Wisconsin Legislature has been exercising its fiscal authority with respect to the university in ways that might be pinching business as usual, and that "actual triggers" is a virtue signal.  (Are you safer in the North Woods of Wisconsin during deer season, with six hundred thousand heavily armed people, many of whom are members of the National Rifle Association, or somewhere in the part of Chicago that is not Wrigleyville, the Magnificent Mile, or the Loop, where there are fewer heavily armed people?)

But he's right about asking the legislators to chill.

Policy makers who accuse students of weakening campus speech should lead by example. Free speech on campus has survived and will survive challenges from students and other members of civil society. Its fate is much less certain when the government decides to censor discomforting views.

I'd be more encouraged if he'd at least acknowledge that the conscience-cowboys of Student Affairs are not, shall we say, exemplars of disinterested and free-ranging inquiry.  And that sort of inquiry is more important, the farther one gets from the top of the U.S. News league tables.

REDISCOVERING THE TRADITIONS.

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar objects to the Bachelor and Bachelorette series of mating tournaments on television.  The rot he notices began to set in long ago.

Rather than a triumph for increased gender respect it could be a symptom of a greater social problem: the replacement of sturdy realistic romantic love that might last a lifetime with the flimsy bedazzled imposter with the shelf life of a loaf of Wonder Bread. There are many lucrative business reasons for the pimping out of unrealistic romantic love in American popular culture, but the plastic face of it is the trendy Bachelor and Bachelorette franchise. As entertaining as these shows are (and they really are compelling fun), there is an insidious darkness beneath the fairytale pabulum they are serving up.

Compelling fun, in the same sense that going to the demolition derby is compelling fun. And Mr Abdul-Jabbar sounds all the proper themes, as approved by the set of Deep Thinkers for whom lookism is a thoughtcrime.

The shows’ mantra repeated by most castmembers that “everyone deserves love” ain’t necessarily so. You’re not even in the running for love unless you fit a very narrow ideal of Ken and Barbie doll physical beauty. These shows promote the scorched-earth effects of raising females to be continually judged physically above all other attributes and then measured against impossible physical standards that has marginalized a majority of girls and women — and made billions for the beauty products, clothing, and cosmetic surgery industries. Even youthful Amanda Stanton, 26, admits to using Botox.

The real crime is the lack of intellectual and appearance diversity, which leaves the contestants as interchangeable as the Mr. Potato Head parts. The lack of racial diversity has already been commented on.

Well, yes, it sucks to be any kind of a thinker or to exercise any kind of restraint, when it's the superficial that goes on display in prime time, even if the contestants aren't ready.

But equally harmful as the cartoonish physical and mental restrictions has been the romanticizing of love as a mystical process that creates unrealistic expectations. Worse, they encourage an urgency to falling in love or else being kicked off the show and labeled a loser in society, unworthy of love. This can send a message that those not in a relationship need to hurry up and find someone — anyone — or else face an unforgiving expiration date of love worthiness.

The cruel result is people on these shows are so anxious to be in a relationship that they trick themselves into thinking they’re in love. Contestants on these relationship game shows are competing for a prize, the same as contestants on The Price Is Right. But is that prize love or a relationship? There’s a significant difference and that difference contributes to why America has high divorce (53%) and adultery (30%) rates. From observing the three most recent incarnations of this show — The Bachelor (Ben Higgins), The Bachelorette (JoJo Fletcher) and Bachelor in Paradise—it’s clear that being in a relationship is the goal. Love is the word they use to justify their need and to disguise their choices because no one is permitted to question their convoluted decisions and self-deceptions when the word love is used.

Pajamas Media's Lauren Spagnoletti also goes full social-construction on the reality shows.

Maybe shining a spotlight on this reality show is unfair. It's just television, right? It's simply entertainment. But we live in a world that idealizes the images that surround us. We see young girls trying to attain the beauty standards of the models they see in advertisements by developing dangerous eating habits and unhealthy body images. Younger generations are turning to their idols in television and film to learn how to go about their lives. "Entertainment" quickly becomes something with a lot more weight to it.

Let's add even more weight.  Thirty years ago, a Badger Herald editorial suggested the relationship carroussel worked out well only for the people attractive, superficial, or nasty enough to screen for reality television.

Today the only victors in the sexual revolution are those men and women who are good-looking and clever enough to enjoy multiple partners with a minimum of emotional and financial commitment. The dowdy and the not-so-clever (or not-so-unscrupulous) are used by the well-endowed and find loneliness and frustration where, in a previous generation, they would probably have been able to start families.

It's come to the pass where even the good looking, superficially clever, and unscrupulous become exemplars as if in a morality play, and even people for whom the new dispensation appears to provide a favorable correlation of forces are having second thoughts.

Perhaps in two thousand years some of the institutions that emerged, until the Deep Thinkers saw fit to deconstruct them, conferred evolutionary advantages.

WIN AND KEEP PLAYING.

A fifteen-win Green Bay Packer season came to an abrupt end at Lambeau Field in January 2012, when the team was booed off the field at halftime, just after the New York Giants completed the Hail Mary touchdown.

The boo-birds were out early in the game today, with the Giants leading, but the halftime Hail Mary went from Aaron Rodgers to Randall Cobb.  A Twitter poster in Detroit recognized what was to come, and come it did.

Time to go 1-0 this week.

“Adversity is inevitable in this game. It comes almost every game, comes every season. The good teams overcome it and use it as a weapon,” said veteran guard T.J. Lang. “You hit that adversity point and we’ve been through it a lot. We understand how to respond.”

The seven teams remaining have been put on notice.

Divisional round, Sunday afternoon, Dallas.

CALGARY TO SALMON ARM WITH THE HOLIDAY TRAIN.

Photographer Neil Zeller posted another set of pictures of the Canadian Pacific Holiday Train.

He earlier posted the Thunder Bay to Winnipeg segment, and Dave "Voluntary Xchange" Tufte curated the highlights.

For this part of the trip, call the roll of Canadian Pacific lore.

My mind was exploding with ideas for photos on this day of the trip. Morant's Curve, the Continental Divide, the Spiral Tunnels, Field, Yoho Park, Rogers Pass, Stoney Creek Bridge, Connaught Tunnel, and on and on. On top of this already over-the-top scenery, it was a true winter wonderland out there, with snow bending the trees over from the weight of recent snowstorms.

And substantial sums of money and in-kind contributions to the food banks along the way.

Hope to file another report come the 2017 Festive Season.

EXPERTS SHOULD BE NOT SEEN AND NOT HEARD.

USA Today unleashes pundits David Mastio and Jill Lawrence to trade fours about the message of that ridiculous New Yorker cartoon.  Here's Ms Lawrence, for the defense. "The experts might not always be right. They might sometimes be smug. They might even be out of touch. But we need them."  Among you, dear readers, there might be a few who have been in more than one meeting where the peacocking and straining at gnats moves you to scream, Hold! Enough!, or to stuff coffee grounds in your ears.  And Mr Mastio, for the prosecution.  "The fact is that “the experts” too often have a parochial view that looks at Washington power and policy through a narrow lens, most often leaving out the way high-minded theory can become brutal reality." Yes. Complex adaptive systems tend to do what they darn well please.

Why, then, do I suggest that experts be out of sight, and out of earshot?

Because, in their proper place, they can use their expertise in the service of others.  In the proper places, Ms Lawrence has the idea.  "Obviously, experts sometimes make mistakes. It’s inevitable in a country and a world of increasingly complex and interconnected problems. But that doesn’t mean novices are going to do better." As does Mr Mastio.  "I’d be so much happier in a world where we could trust the experts. Set it and forget it, I say."  Put another way, when the experts are doing their jobs properly, you don't have to cuss out the referee or make invidious comments about the train delayer.

In life, though, we get too many incompetent calls and too much video review.  Or a train that leaves Chicago on time and is three hours late at South Bend.  Perhaps some of that is the consequence of a do more with less mentality.  The true expert might be the person who knows when it's best to leave well enough alone, rather than to intervene, to tweak, to anticipate every nuance and complexity.

SUMMON THE ECHOES.

Northern Illinois hosted pre-season Mid-American favorite Ohio Bobcats on Saturday.

Yes, some celebration after the handshakes is in order.  The team continues to be among the top scoring teams in the country.  Helen at Women's Hoops Blog suggests it's time to "keep an eye on Northern Illinois."  Take care of business at home.  As the report notes, "The players for the Northern Illinois women's basketball team don't remember the last time the Huskies started conference winning their first three games. It's because they weren't born yet."

REDISCOVERING THEIR INTERURBAN ROOTS.

The technical term these days is "electric multiple units," but the point of the phrasing is to note that the electric cars can run as units, or in multiples.  It appears as though the Germans are rediscovering the idea, as applied to their souped-up Electroliners.

Siemens has implemented a radical new concept for the Deutsche Bahn’s ICE 4 high-speed train. All of the cars now operate as independent units and can be combined to form trains with anything from five to 14 cars. The ICE 4 trains will start operating officially in 2017.

On September 14, Siemens and Deutsche Bahn unveiled the first complete ICE 4 train in Berlin. Siemens built the new high-speed train in cooperation with its partner, Bombardier. One of the key new features of the ICE 4 is its drive concept. Siemens developed a powered railcar (or “powercar”) that contains all of the drive technology. Six such powercars are needed to drive a 12-part ICE 4, for example, while the other six cars are not motorized. In the predecessor mode, the ICE 3, three cars together formed a fixed drive unit.

Think of consists with power cars and trailer cars, with the additional limitation that the leading and trailing cars retain the distinctive streamlined noses.

Five different types of cars are available for modular composition of the five to 14-part trains: the end unit, the powercar, the center car, the dining car, and the service car (including family areas, wheelchair spaces, etc.). The interiors of the cars can also be very flexibly arranged. The center cars are basically nothing but empty tubes that can be equipped according to the customer’s wishes as either first-class or second-class cars with different seat spacing or adjustable seats on rails.

The ability to do adds or cuts midtrain is going to change the habits of German passengers, wherein all the cars for one destination are together, and separated by two end units from the cars for another destination, as at Frankfurt Flughafen.

On the other hand, it's not quite the way the Metroliners did things.  The normal rake was six cars (one or two parlors, one Metrocafe, the rest coaches) although it was possible to set up consists of four or eight.  And it's surely not the interurban way, which until recently involved adds or cuts at Michigan City.

And once upon a time, trains also did adds or cuts at Gary.

During the rush hours, the South Shore Line paired trains, with limited trains dropping Michigan City expresses eastbound or adding Michigan City to Gary expresses westbound to move passengers.  We don't do this any more, because Federal regulations require extensive inspections of the brakes.  I think the Germans understand that adding and cutting multiple unit cars is what multiple unit cars do, and their railroaders won't be encumbered by procedures that defeat all the conveniences adding and cutting will bring.

THEY SAID IT WASN'T ABOUT THE AXE. IT WAS ABOUT THE AXE.

Watchdog suggests that Minnesota's recent defenestration of another football coach was an administrative failure.

The University of Minnesota has sent a strong message that standing up for due process rights and defending the politically incorrect will not be tolerated.

Minnesota’s Athletic Director Mark Coyle fired head football coach Tracy Claeys on Tuesday, in the wake of Claeys standing up for members of the football team who briefly boycotted practice in response to accusations of sexual assault against 10 players.

Let's stipulate that no director of athletics is going to admit to caving to the Perpetually Aggrieved.  And, in this case, it appears that he is not.

“I determined that the football program must move in a new direction to address challenges in recruiting, ticket sales and the culture of the program,” Coyle said. “We need strong leadership to take Gopher football to the next level and address these challenges.”

Coyle’s assessment of other team problems seems misplaced.

The 2016 team enjoyed Minnesota’s best season since 2003 (Claeys was in his second season as head coach), finishing 9-4. They upset the favored Washington State Cougars in the Holiday Bowl after the boycott ended.

On the downside, while the team posted a winning record in Big Ten play (5-4), the Gophers also had the lowest-ranked recruiting class in the conference.

Yes, but 2003 is before the protracted stay of the Axe in Madison began.  You know how it is ... the Green Bay Packers could finish the regular season 14-2, but if those two losses are to the Bears ...

Minnesota, meanwhile, has reached back to the Mid-American and to Northern Illinois, bringing in Western Michigan coach P. J. Fleck, whose Western Michigan team just got back from the New Year's Round of Six and a ...

wait for it ...

Cotton Bowl loss to Wisconsin.

DEAR HOLLYWOOD WEENIES.

Shut. Up. Already.

Too many people in the media and entertainment industries don't seem to understand that folks hate being treated like morons. I'm not thrilled about America's choice for president, but I wasn't thrilled about the other choice, either. I'm supposed to be shamed for not wanting Hillary Clinton, a key supporter of the disasters in Iraq and Libya, to fly the plane?

Smug liberalism is a problem: unfortunately, smug liberals will be the last identity group to admit it. In the meantime, Trump will be happy to continue profiting from the resentment said smugness inspires.

Plus a dig at a stupid New Yorker cartoon.

Last time I checked, the Federal Constitution began "We The People of the United States," not "We the Steering Committee of Cattle Car Airlines."

KEEPING THE FESTIVE SEASON SAFE.

Firefighters issue a positive report.

The Sycamore and DeKalb fire departments both reported no emergency responses related to the holiday season for the duration of their “Red Wreath” programs.

Each year from Thanksgiving through New Year’s Day, the departments hang wreaths outside their fire stations and replace a red lightbulb with a white one each time they respond to a holiday-related emergency call.

The goal of the program is to promote awareness of fire safety during the holiday season, as things such as Christmas lights, combustible decorations, candles and space heaters all cause potential fire hazards during this time of year.

Yes, there were fire, ambulance, and police calls.  None, though, involving the hazards that accompany putting cut trees in the vicinity of fireplaces and candles.

ZHENGZHOU TO BARKING BY RAIL.

The first ChinaRail TrailVan is on its way.  "The train, which will carry clothing, bags and household items, is expected to take around a fortnight to travel the 12,000 mile journey from China to London, which boasts being most cost effective than air freight and a lot quicker than transporting cargo by sea."  In the States, some containers change cars at Chicago as rubbering them from yard to yard is more dependable than setting up transfer runs.  Because there is a break of gauge between China and Kazakhstan, and another between Belarus and Poland, the vans will have to be transferred.

MINNESOTA DEFENESTRATES ANOTHER COACH.

A number of University of Minnesota (motto: ten thousand ways to surrender the Axe) football players behaved badly at a party, in ways that Student Affairs thought they could punish, although people who live by normal legal rules were less sure, and the football players threatened to sit out a bowl game.  Thus did the university administration cave, the team play the bowl game (beating Washington State), and now the head football coach, Tracy Claeys, is out.

It prompts Margaret "University Diaries" Soltan to suggest that there is, sort of, a market test at work.

ICK FACTOR ---> INSTITUTIONAL FINANCIAL COLLAPSE.

Yes, there's a lot of money going into money-sucking athletics departments that might be better spent on the core functions of the university, particularly in the presence of stingy state legislatures and young people burdened with student loans.

And athletics at Minnesota have long looked from afar like a dumpster fire.

I suspect, though, that pressure from the boosters for regime change varies in proportion to the years the Axe has remained in Madison.